Battle of Midway in World War II

Clash of Midway in World War II The Battle of Midway was battled June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the defining moment of the war in the Pacific. Leaders U.S. Naval force Naval commander Chester Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific FleetRear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, Task Force 17 (senior strategic commander)Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, Task Force 16 Magnificent Japanese Navy Naval commander Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief, Combined Fleet Foundation In the months after their effective assault on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, the Japanese initiated a quick drive south into the Netherlands East Indies and Malaya. Driving back the British, they caught Singapore in February 1942 preceding crushing a consolidated Allied armada in the Java Sea. Arriving in the Philippines, they quickly involved quite a bit of Luzon before conquering Allied obstruction on the Bataan Peninsula in April. In the wake of these staggering triumphs, the Japanese tried to expand their control by making sure about all of New Guinea and involving the Solomon Islands. Moving to hinder this push, Allied maritime powers scored a key triumph at the Battle of Coral Sea on May 4-8 in spite of losing the bearer USS Lexington (CV-2).â Yamamotos Plan Following this mishap, the leader of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, conceived an arrangement to draw the rest of the boats of the U.S. Pacific Fleet into a fight where they could be pulverized. To achieve this, he intended to attack the island of Midway, 1,300 miles northwest of Hawaii. Named Operation MI, Yamamotos plan called for organizing a few fight bunches across huge fields of sea. These included Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumos First Carrier Striking Force (4 transporters), Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondos attack power, just as the war vessels of the First Fleet Main Force. This last unit was by and by drove by Yamamoto on board the ship Yamato. As Midway was critical to Pearl Harbors safeguard, he accepted the Americans would send their outstanding plane carrying warships to ensure the island. Because of defective insight which had revealed Yorktown sunk at Coral Sea, he accepted just two American bearers stayed in the Pacific. Nimitzs Response At Pearl Harbor, Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, was made mindful of the approaching assault by his group of cryptanalysts drove by Lieutenant Commander Joseph Rochefort. Having effectively broken the Japanese JN-25 maritime code, Rochefort had the option to give a diagram of the Japanese arrangement of assault just as the powers in question. To meet this danger, Nimitz dispatched Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance with the transporters USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV-8) to Midway wanting to amaze the Japanese. Despite the fact that he had never told bearers already, Spruance expected this job as Vice Admiral William Bull Halsey was inaccessible because of an extreme instance of dermatitis. The transporter USS Yorktown (CV-5), with Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher, followed two days after the fact after harm got at Coral Sea was hurriedly fixed. Assault on Midway Around 9 a.m. on June 3, a PBY Catalina flying from Midway spotted Kondos power and revealed its area. Following up on this data, a trip of nine B-17 Flying Fortresses took off from Midway and mounted an inadequate assault against the Japanese. At 4:30 a.m. on June 4, Nagumo propelled 108 planes to assault Midway Island, just as seven scout planes to find the American armada. As these airplane were leaving, 11 PBYs took off from Midway looking for Nagumos bearers. Forgetting about the islands little power of warriors, the Japanese planes beat Midways establishments. While coming back to the bearers, the strike heads suggested a subsequent assault. Accordingly, Nagumo requested his hold airplane, which had been furnished with torpedoes, to be rearmed with bombs. After this procedure had started, a scout plane from the cruiser Tone detailed finding the American armada. The Americans Arrive After getting this news, Nagumo turned around his rearmament request. Accordingly, the shed decks of the Japanese bearers were brimming with bombs, torpedoes, and fuel lines as ground teams mixed to reequip the airplane. As Nagumo wavered, the first of Fletchers planes showed up over the Japanese armada. Furnished with locating reports from the PBYs which had found the foe at 5:34 a.m., Fletcher had started propelling his airplane at 7 a.m. The primary units to show up were the TBD Devastator torpedo planes from Hornet (VT-8) and Enterprise (VT-6). Assaulting at a low level, they neglected to score a hit and endured substantial setbacks. On account of the previous, the whole group was lost with just Ensign George H. Gay, Jr. getting by in the wake of being saved by a PBY in the wake of going through 30 hours in the water. Jump Bombers Strike the Japanese In spite of the fact that VT-8 and VT-6 didn't do any harm, their assault, combined with the late appearance of VT-3, pulled the Japanese battle air watch out of position, leaving the armada helpless. At 10:22 a.m., American SBD Dauntless plunge aircraft drawing closer from the southwest and upper east struck the transporters Kaga, Soryu, and Akagi. In under six minutes they decreased the Japanese boats to consuming wrecks. Accordingly, the staying Japanese bearer, Hiryu, propelled a counter-strike. Showing up in two waves, its planes twice handicapped Yorktown. Later that evening, American jump planes found Hiryu and sank it, finishing the triumph. Outcome The evening of June 4, the two sides resigned to design their best course of action. By 2:55 a.m., Yamamoto requested his armada to come back to base. In the next days, American airplane sunk the cruiser Mikuma, while the Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoed and sank the crippled Yorktown. The thrashing at Midway crushed the spirit of the Japanese transporter armada and brought about the loss of priceless aircrews. It additionally denoted the finish of significant Japanese hostile activities as the activity went to the Americans. That August, U.S. Marines arrived on Guadalcanal and started the long walk to Tokyo. Setbacks U.S. Pacific Fleet Losses 340 killedAircraft Carrier USS YorktownDestroyer USS Hammann145 airplane Royal Japanese Navy Losses 3,057 killedAircraft Carrier AkagiAircraft Carrier KagaAircraft Carrier SoryuAircraft Carrier HiryuHeavy Cruiser Mikuma228 airplane

Resurrection And Christ Essay Example For Students

Revival And Christ Essay For a long time, specialists all through the world have planned to catch and depict a specific topic or subject in understanding to their strict convictions, individual impacts, and disposition, or dependent on upon cultural impacts. The figure of Christ and the way wherein he has been portrayed has fluctuated colossally throughout the years, which is exceptionally demonstrative of changing social mentalities. Piero della Francescas Resurrection of 1463, and Julie Rraps Christ of 1984, have each delineated a Christ like figure in a manner that represents their own convictions and furthermore mirrors the publics position in regards to the portrayal of Christ at the time every craftsmanship was finished. The two fine arts are altogether extraordinary in style and portrayal, as every craftsman has chosen various media and totally various methodologies and translations. These noteworthy contrasts are for the most part because of the times where every work of art was delivered. Francescas fresco is an exemplary result of the Italian Renaissance time frame, while Rraps piece is characteristic of our changing society and its strict qualities. Israel, 1997, p. 160. Francesca made his piece during the Early Renaissance time frame toward the start of the fifteenth century, where confidence in the hypothetical establishments of craftsmanship was profoundly positioned. During this time, numerous instances of Ancient workmanship were respected as both a wellspring of motivation and furthermore as a record of experimentation that had the capacity to uncover the accomplishment of the previous extraordinary craftsmen. Pioch, 1996, p. 1. About this time, there was as yet a set organization of how specific Christian figures were seen to have showed up; henceforth Francesca has delineated the figure of Christ in the sound system composed discernment. However he has done as such in a way that completely epitomizes the period he was in, and furthermore demonstrates his own advantage and accomplishment with the utilization of point of view. Then again, Rraps photomontage Christ has been aggregated when female sound system types are being tested. The work of art challenges the male predominance of past workmanship. Run of the mill of postmodern workmanship, this piece is a remarkable women's activist articulation, and is with regards to a large number of her past craftsmanships. Israel, 1997, p. 160. The two works of art are discernibly extraordinary quickly after review, as Resurrection is a fresco and Christ is a photomontage. The fresco was gathered with the utilization of color being applied to wet mortar, while the photomontage is generally an establishment course of action that has utilized a montage method with the utilization of photos. Rrap has utilized a bit of workmanship by Munch and laid out the figure it portrayed, and afterward situated herself while semi-stripped inside the layout. It is this arrangement of herself inside the layout that has empowered her to sneak out of the generalization of the female Israel, 1997, p. 160. The picture was then isolated and disconnected, with the utilization of thick brush strokes out of sight, making a feeling of development. Revival anyway has been created in an unquestionably progressively basic way, with the arrangement containing Jesus remaining with one leg raised onto a tomb, while four Roman watchmen are resting by the tomb at his feet. Jesus, wrapped in red fabric, is holding a banner in a practically triumphant and disobedient motion. The frontal area figures have all been set in context, yet the foundation shows up very strange related. Not many hues have been utilized in Christ, yet the picked shades of yellow and dark bury blended out of sight, red on blue for the cross, and the overstated yellow tissue tone in the photograph on the blue have all been utilized effectively. They each add to the general impact of the picture in a positive mode. Then again, Francescas fresco has incorporated the utilization of reasonable shading all through the whole picture. The hues have been utilized capably and made tone and profundity in all parts of the fresco, adding to the ideal sensible portrayal of figures. Hopwood, 1996, p. 80B. Every craftsman has picked and utilized their shading in a methodology that is characteristic and average of their period, Francesca specifically. .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .postImageUrl , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:hover , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:visited , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:active { border:0!important; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:active , .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:hover { haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u207aee06966 16b555918a8659e9f3e80 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u207aee0696616b555918a8659e9f3e80:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Civil Disobedience EssayDespite the overwhelming position that Jesus has been set in inside Resurrection, his outward appearance alongside the general piece of figures and the scene makes a practically quiet and serene disposition. The situating of each figure creates an agreeable parity, which is praised by the variety of shading and space. The whole idea of the arrangement is normal for the Renaissance time, where the advancement of scientific use of craftsmanship standards was consistently being created alongside numerous other new masterful ideas in the entire resurrection time frame. Hopwood, 1996, p. 92. Much the same as Resurrection concerning social impacts and condition, Christ has been finished so that it as well, is illustrative of its social condition. This is appeared in a few different ways, including the way that Rrap has captured herself exposed, with the exception of a white material falling underneath her stomach locale. She has not the slightest bit endeavored to cover her bosoms, which outlines societys developing acknowledgment of the practically stripped female structure being utilized in current craftsmanship. It isn't the detail of showing up semi bare in any case, that is generally characteristic of todays social atmosphere. Or maybe, it is simply the position in such a posture and portrayal of Jesus that gives the greatest understanding into the social climate of today. It is a striking women's activist explanation that transparently challenges the generalized job of ladies in workmanship all through earlier hundreds of years. Isreal, 1997, p. 161. Both Francescas Resurrection and Rraps Christ have been created in manners that adjust to their particular periods. Every craftsman has passed on their picked topic of Christ in such a way, that plainly appears and represents the social condition of their time. This has been represented through the general design and arrangement, complemented by components, for example, shading and variety. However the social atmosphere has been delineated most altogether through the manner by which the figure of Jesus has been depicted. At first as a male, at that point strikingly as a female, more than four centuries later. To numerous individuals, this is an indication of progress, yet according to similarly the same number of, it is additionally step in reverse.

IHRM Recommendations - Improving Subsidiary Performance Essay

IHRM Recommendations - Improving Subsidiary Performance - Essay Example Inside this activity, Joe Mendes reports that endeavors to coordinate a presentation the executives framework are meeting with laborer and association opposition, for the most part discouraging forward efficiency in this auxiliary. Our auxiliary in France is tormented with inordinate staff occasions, which will in general disturb creation and by and large office efficiency, requiring an increasingly viable presentation the board framework and a strategy by which to help profitability. In Sweden, Gary Alder reports that high unionization, a workforce which offers protection from execution the executives targets, and American exile administrators who are not adjusting the board strategies befitting Swedish social standards are making critical boundaries powerful HRM and profitability. As a result of the issues with exile administrators and outside work desires, a progression of proposals are offered to all the more likely smooth out and upgrade the universal HR arrangements of Medical Precision Systems. MPS has put forth a stamped attempt to venture into a universal area, with every one of the three of the organizations auxiliary activities having been obtained or set up no under ten years prior. Under a definitive system of changing MPS into a transnational substance, unmistakably, a gigantic improvement exertion is required to guarantee that MPS arrives at its objective of worldwide development with insignificant disturbance to the business targets for development and productivity. As of now, under the periods of internationalization proposed by Adler and Ghadar (1990), MPS has arrived at a degree of multi-household or global tasks, not yet sorted as a worldwide firm. Worldwide, or worldwide firms, necessitate that administration (paying little heed to their place of host starting point) share a typical arrangement of qualities and convictions. As of this date, MPS' auxiliary activities stay concentrated on improving neighborhood responsiveness and endeavors to move American, hous ehold learnings to those of the abroad work powers.

Efficacy of Stimulant Medication in the Treatment of ADHD - Free Essay Example

When examining implications of the childhood diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in children, one is presented with an overwhelming amount of conflicting information. While the disorder has been studied at length both in the United States and worldwide, there exists a profound lack of consensus within the psychiatric community as to the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of children with symptomatic attention deficit and hyperactivity. It has been shown in recent years that a substantial increase in attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) drug prescriptions was observed with an average yearly increase of 34%. (Zetterqvist, Asherton, Halldner, Langstrom Larsson, 2013) The defining characteristics and prevalence of hyperactivity disorder vary significantly from study to study. In 2016, one study referred to ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1.4%-3.0%, concurrently reporting that the disorder was more common in boys than girls. (Thapar Cooper, 2016) Years prior, in 2011, The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry reported that ADHD onsets in early childhood and affects 6%-9% of juveniles and 5% of adults, alleging that ADHD persists into adolescence in 75% of cases and into adulthood in approximately one half of cases. (Wilens, Martelon, et al., 2011) While the disparity between these two studies appears to reflect a decrease in the diagnosis of ADHD worldwide, in 2016 in the U.S., 8% of children [were] diagnosed with ADHD and 70% of those [were] taking medications. In spite of the prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and pharmacological treatments in the US and elsewhere, little evidence exists on the effects of ADHD treatment on childrens outcomes. (Chorniy Kitashima, 2016) This paper will examine historical research studies of ADHD as well as several relevant studies from the early 2000s in order to more comprehensively understand the cause and significant positive and negative outcomes of stimulant medication for ADHD at various stages in human development. Cultural and Societal Implications of Research and Diagnosis of ADHD When approaching the breadth of information related to ADHD diagnosis and research, it is important to consider the cultural context in which all studies exist. Comorbidity and the intersectional nature of childhood behavioral disorders has in many ways lead to conflicting findings in research related to the childhood identification of ADHD. A major implication of recent research suggests that some groups are disproportionately identified as showing symptoms of behavioral and academic disabilities. Disproportionality in special education refers to a condition in which a group has representation in the special education community that is significantly different from their representation in the general population, or a condition in which their representation is significantly dissimilar to that of a comparison group. Previous investigations of disproportionate representation of students from certain ethnic groups in special education have suggested that disproportionality is the result of bias against the members of overrepresented groups or, conversely, the result of disproportionate exposure to poverty. (Wiley, Brigham, Kauffman Bogan, 2013) The bias explanation for disproportionate minority representation in ADHD referrals purports that the overrepresentation of minority students stems mostly from the misidentification of culturally diverse students as having disabilities. This seems to suggest that teachers and other school faculty may be misinterpreting cultural differences as symptoms of disability. It is also important that cultural differences be interpreted within the context of historical oppression. It is paramount that the overrepresentation of students of color in ADHD evaluations is examined in a broad social and political context that includes the history of racism and unfair trea tment experienced by ethnic minorities in education and in society in general. (Wiley, et al., 2013) The poverty explanation for disproportionality in childhood identification of disability and mental health proposes that there is a large body of literature that highlights the gap in health between the most wealthy and the poorest families that has been detected universally across most societies. This point of view would indicate that the long history of the institutional oppression of non-white persons(notably in mental health and educational institutions) has maintained disproportionate rates of poverty across cultural groups. This seems to indicate that minority overrepresentation in the childhood diagnosis of ADHD could be the result of socioeconomic status and not bias. Studies have reported that children and adults are at increased risk of a range of poor outcomes due to socioeconomic disadvantage, including childhood and adolescent mental health disorders. (Russell, Ford, Williams Russel, 2016) Also worth noting is that there exists a marked under-representation of studies o n ADHD from low-income and middle-income countries on a worldwide scale. (Thepar Cooper, 2016) However, it is not only the cultural history and socioeconomic status of students that could play a role in the overidentification of non-white students with ADHD. Recent studies have shown that the widely-held political beliefs of the geographic location in which a child lives could substantially impact the diagnosis and treatment they receive. In general, states with more conservatively leaning political views showed consistently lower rates of identification for many mental health disorders. State-level conservativism was found to be a strong indicator of emotional disability [under]identification potentially because people with more conservative political beliefs are less likely to attribute personally uncontrollable causes(like disability) to emotional and behavioral problems. This fundamental difference in the definition of what constitutes a disability could make conservative states less likely to consider special education to be an appropriate response. (Wiley, et al., 2013) Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment in Infants When examining the research implications of ADHD diagnosis and treatment outcomes in infant populations, it is important to firstly consider that said research historically has been based largely on retrospective histories given by mothers. Due to this fact, it should be mentioned that mothers memory of the infancy of their children tends to be colored by the subsequent development of the childas referrals for evaluation and treatment rarely occur during infancy. When a child grows up to be perceived as well-adjusted and age-appropriate, parents tend to recall an uneventful infancy. Conversely, when a child is referred for evaluation due to difficulties in social or academic arenas, parents recollection of infancy tends to be distorted in the direction of remembering more deviance. (Weiss, 1975) Commonly, parents begin to notice more problematic behaviors when the children have developed the ability to walk. Frequent causes for parental concerns and referrals typically involve a chil ds rate of movement throughout the home, propensities to be involved in minor accidents in the home, impulsivity, and an observed absence of natural fear. Historically and in the present day, pharmacological treatments are not advised with this age group. Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment in Primary School Children It is during primary schooling that many children are referred for evaluations for hyperactivity disorders. This is also the age group that is most likely to begin receiving pharmacological treatments in addition to counseling supports or cognitive behavioral therapy. Referrals in many cases come not from parents, but from professionals functioning in supporting roles to the child(i.e. teachers, paraprofessionals, school psychologists, school administration). From the early 1970s until today, the stimulant medications prescribed to children have remained fairly consistent. Typically, methylphenidate and dexamfetamine are the first-line pharmacological treatments for ADHD, and the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine is the second-line treatment. (Weiss, 1975; Thepar Cooper, 2016) In all cases, the goal of these treatments is to result in increased levels of catecholamine availability(catecholamines include dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine). While meta-analyses did sh ow that both methylphenidate and atomoxetine were effective in treating symptoms of ADHD, there were not without side-effects. The most common side effects of methylphenidate in primary school aged children were shown to be growth restriction, sleep disturbances, and headaches. Symptoms that occurred less severely or less frequently with methylphenidate treatments included loss of appetite, gastrointestinal symptoms, increase in blood pressure and heart rate, cough, nasopharyngitis, tics, irritability and mood swings, and drowsiness. Atomoxetine showed all of the symptoms prevalent in methylphenidate treatments, but showed an increased likelihood of patients experiencing drowsiness. It should also be mentioned that ADHD shows high concurrent morbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders during early childhoodnamely autism spectrum disorder, communication and specific learning or motor disorders. Autism spectrum disorders represent the highest rates of comorbidity and side effects of pharmacological treatments in these individuals are more common than in those with ADHD alone. At this time, atypical antip sychotics are not indicated for treatment of core ADHD symptoms in primary school-aged children. (Thepar Cooper, 2016) Diagnosis and Stimulant Treatment in Adolescence While diagnosed significantly less frequently in adolescence than in early childhood, ADHD and the efficacy of its pharmacological treatment are most frequently assessed in adolescence. While an estimated 70% of U.S. children diagnosed with ADHD are prescribed stimulant medications as part of their treatment, little evidence exists on the effects of ADHD treatment on childrens outcomes. Additionally, many studies have produced contradictory results. One 2014 study found that taking stimulant medication is associated with a deterioration in academic outcomes and relationship with parents while a separate study conducted in the same year found that stimulant treatment for ADHD is associated with fewer hospital visits and a reduction in the number of interactions with the police. (Chorniy Kitashima, 2016) While seemingly contradictory at first glance, it is plausible that these positive and negative outcomes of ADHD treatment are both accurate and that choosing a stimulant treatment fo r ADHD could in effect prioritize desired outcomes over others less valued by those consenting to treatment. It has also been evidenced that high rates of substance-use disorders(SUD) have been found in samples of adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, although conclusive evidence linking the increase specifically to childhood stimulant treatment remains to be empirically gathered. (Wilens et al., 2011) Perhaps most notably in the adolescent population, ADHD stimulant treatments have been shown to reduce the probability and severity of a wide range of short-term and lifetime negative health outcomes, even effectively reducing the probability of an ADHD teenager contracting an STD, becoming pregnant, suffering from a substance use or abuse disorder, and having an injury. (Chorniy Kitashima, 2016) This evidence would appear to suggest that broadly speaking, ADHD stimulant medications have shown to be effective not only in decreasing the prevalence of risky behavior during adolescence, but decreasing the severity of these behaviors, as well. Additionally, this d ata would appear to suggest that while a high comorbidity of ADHD and substance abuse disorders continues to be evidenced, adolescent and childhood stimulant treatments could effectively decrease the likelihood of this trend in late-adolescence and adulthood. Stimulant Treatment Outcomes in Adulthood While a majority of ADHD diagnosis occur in childhood and early adolescence, many adults continue to experience symptoms of the disorder in adulthood. In early studies of ADHD treatment and in modern trials, researchers have frequently found that many persons with ADHD diagnosis are able to adapt very well to adulthood with or without continuing stimulant treatment. One study as early as 1975 purported that previously hyperactive young adults have adjusted surprisingly well once they have left those environmental circumstances with which they could not cope(for most this included secondary school and for some it included rejecting homes. A greater sense of freedom in adulthood may be compatible with self-management of symptoms of ADHD, as young adult life offers a wider range of life-styles, including varieties of continuing education. (Weiss, 1975) The ability of young adults and adults to exercise more control over their environment may contribute to a trend of stimulant cessation in the 15-21 year age-range. Modern studies related to stimulant cessation report that despite the persistent nature of ADHD symptoms and the demonstrated effect of current ADHD medications, treatment discontinuation is relatively common. As children grow into more autonomous lifestyles, they may be more able to alter their work and home environments to meet their needs effectively. Stimulant cessation in the treatment of ADHD is most common in the 15-21 year age range, with only 27% of individuals in this range still in treatment after 3 years and 11 months, with a median [treatment] duration [of] 1.63 years for the group. (Zetterqvist et al., 2013) Possible Negative Outcomes of Stimulant Medication Throughout the history of its use, there have been persistent concerns of long-term effects of stimulant ADHD medication on the development of substance abuse. Heightened concern about a positive correlation between ADHD stimulant treatment and substance use and abuse disorders may stem from the way stimulant medications are interpreted by the human brain. Typically prescribed drugs for ADHD treatment(methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and atomoxetine) increase dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbuns(a brain region implicated in substance abuse and the proposed neural mechanism for ADHD treatment. ADHD medications largely impact dopamine levels in patients in the same way(and in the same area of the brain) that illicit substances manipulate dopamine levels in the brain of an addict. It goes to follow that children for whom stimulant medications are a part of daily life from a young age may be training their brains to engage in a give and take relationship with an outside substanc e to maintain levels of dopamine in their system. It is also well documented that there have been reports of abuse and misuse of stimulant ADHD medication[s] themselves. (Chang et al., 2016) While few conclusive studies have specifically addressed stimulant medications potential effect on the development of substance abuse disorders, it has been shown that children with ADHD are more likely to develop disorders of abuse/dependence for nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and other substances. This high comorbidity could be interpreted as a high risk of dependence or misuse of prescribed ADHD stimulant medications. Children with ADHD are shown to be much more likely to develop substance abuse disorders than children without ADHD and this increased risk is robust to demographic and methodological differences that varied across [multiple] studies. When administering ADHD stimulant medications, it is important to consider the possibility of dependence and the plan for the likely stimulant cessation that occurs for most people between the ages of 15 and 21. (Lee, Humphreys, Flory, Liu Glass, 2011) The high comorbidity of other disorders concurrently observed with ADHD presents other mental health concerns when determining the safety of stimulant treatments for ADHD. Depression occurs in youths with ADHD at a significantly higher rate than in youths without ADHD. This fact is well documented and calls into question factors that could be leading to concurrent ADHD and depressio n. It is difficult to say which of these conditions likely occurs first, however ADHD is frequently diagnosed first, suggesting the possibility that early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD may have an effect on the risk of developing subsequent depression. It should also be noted that while most research on the positive or negative relationship of stimulant medication and subsequent depression is inconclusive at best, there is also very little research on the effect of non-stimulant medications, such as atomoxetine. Documented Positive Outcomes of Stimulant Medication Throughout the history of stimulant medication use in treatments of ADHD, there have been many documented positive outcomes observed in clinical trials. Many treatments using stimulants have shown that when properly regulated, it is plausible to suggest that ADHD medication has an effect not only on the incidence of negative health outcomes but also on their severity.

What Is a Bruise The Science Beneath the Skin

Pigs Gain Power with Propaganda in George Orwells Animal...

People desire dominance; to fulfill their craving, manipulators use propagandic methods to maneuver and manage their audience’s mind. Propaganda is a communication method which creates certain feelings and motivates specific actions (Stults). In George Orwells’ Animal Farm, the animals of the farm plan on living in peaceful equality after overthrowing their human leaders, but the intelligent, cunning pigs seize the farm’s defenseless leadership. Orwell wrote Animal Farm as an allegorical â€Å"fairy story† (â€Å"Preface† 6) resembling the Russian Revolt during the 1900’s. An important similarity between Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution is the propaganda techniques the leaders used to acquire their power. By gaining trust, covering the truth,†¦show more content†¦The animals already trust Old Major, but the new song builds the trust they have in him, along with their trust in other animals. The lyrics, â€Å"beasts of every la nd and climes† (13), make them believe that all animals can, and will eventually, unite and overthrow the humans. In addition, Squealer also gains the animals’ trust through his own speeches. For example, his speech about readjustments in chapter nine creates belief that life on the farm is better presently than it was before their revolt (112-113). The reader understands the animals are losing food, but Squealer twists the truth of the matter to the animals. He says the readjustment was not much, considering they still receive more food than they did when Jones was present. The animals of course believe Squealer and do not complain about the loss of food. They trust Squealer when he said the days of independence are far better than the faded memory of the working days under Jones. Squealer and Napoleon constantly refer to the other animals on the farm as â€Å"comrades†, to make the animals believe they are all equal and care for each other. For instance, when a ccusing Snowball of disloyalty after the windmill was destroyed, Squealer said â€Å"comrade† ten times (79-82). The use of the word seems equivalent to nothing, but it affects the animals in an unfathomable way. Squealer wants the animals to believe the pigs are on their side and would not hurt their alleged friends. He gains theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 PagesMack Allen Mr.Booth Period 6 English 12/3/14 Author Study of George Orwell George Orwell was a literary tactician who won two major awards because of hia advanced and intriguing use of propaganda. At first glance, his books appear to be stories about animals, however, they contain much deeper and influential meanings. Orwell is most recognized for his portrayal of dystopian societies and how they parallel present society. Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that areRead MoreEssay on Failed Revolutions and Tyrants in Animal Farm649 Words   |  3 PagesFailed Revolutions and Tyrants in Animal Farm Animal Farm, by George Orwell was published in 1945, a crucial time in history because of Stalin’s takeover of the Soviet Union and his exploitation of the centralized communist government. This was in direct contradiction to the expected results of the Russian Revolution. Orwell felt that revolutions fail because the end result is a change of tyrants and not of government. Orwell exemplifies this failure through the goals of the revolution and theirRead MoreExamples Of Conflict In Animal Farm1319 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques and compelling concepts to teach individuals powerful messages about conflict. The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell allegorically refers to the conflict of the Russian Revolution and demonstrates that the desire for power corrupts the human condition, leading to the deterioration of society. It also exhibits that the abuse of language is instrumental in manipulating the ignorant to gain power. Edward Zwick’s movie Glory provides an insight into the story behind a group of persecuted African-AmericanRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a story of pure propaganda. Propaganda is a recurring theme and technique seen and used by characters in the book, as well as the author. Animal Farm is an allegory that focuses on the communist revolution in Russia. Being an allegory, events in the book accurately depict actual events in history that actually relate to propaganda. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Propaganda is a central element to the plot of Animal Farm. Propaganda is used by various methods in theRead MoreThe Key Themes In Animal Farm By George Orwell952 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm, an allegorical novel by George Orwell, depicts a very clear picture of the events leading up to the 1917 Russian Revolution and the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union. The techniques Orwell has used when writing this piece allows his robust view points and prominent reoccurring themes to become clear. A couple of themes that stood out the most to me was the use of education and intelligence, as well as corruption of power and leadership to fuel oppression. Orwell uses the imagery of aRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1395 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm: The Power of Corruption In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Orwell illustrates how power corrupts absolutely and how Napoleon degrades the structure and stability of Animal Farm because of the decisions that he makes. I will also expand on the idea of how Old Major’s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleon’s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleon’s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwell’s AnimalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Animal Of Power 1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe craving of power is analogical to the characteristics shown by greed, furthermore explaining the interest a tyrant evokes in money and dominance. George Orwell conveys his interpretation of greed by utilizing the aim and the purpose of a fable. A fable teaches a moral lesson to the world and usually uses characters that speak and behave like humans. Early in George Orwell’s novella, an example of greed is provided when the pigs steal the apples and milk for themselves under the false simulationRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletariat which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicatesRead MoreGeorge Orwells Animal Farm Essays2826 Words   |  12 PagesGeorge Orwell includes a strong message in his novel Animal Farm that is easily recognizable. Orwell’s Animal Farm focuses on two primary problems that were not only prominent in his WWII society, but also posed as reoccurring issues in all societies past and present. Orwell’s novel delivers a strong political message about class structure and oppression from the patriarchal society through an allegory of a farm that closely resembles the Soviet Union. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm: A Fairy StoryRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1957 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough George Orwell’s Animal Farm was created in order to mimic individuals as well as occurrences that took place during the Russian Revolution period, it is still possible to gain a comprehensive understanding of the text without a past knowledge of history through the exploitation of human nature’s imperfections. Following the publishment of his novel, Orwell confirmed that his goal in writing this fable was to expose the wrongdoing of the Soviet Union as well as the treachery of the true ideas

Disruptive and Deliberate Innovations †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Disruptive and Deliberate Innovations. Answer: Introduction Medical and healthcare sector is regarded as the largest transformational sector across the globe (Frost, 2017). This sector focusses on the optimization of health management systems for effectively reducing the burden of diseases and associated adversities across the community environment. The public as well as private organizations across the healthcare sector mutually collaborate with each other in the context of accomplishing the patient care requirements (Frost, 2017). The technological enhancement in the medical and healthcare sector has led to the substantial development of digital health, health data science, healthcare business models and interventions as well as scope and outlook of the Healthcare MD Industry (Frost, 2017). Innovation in the healthcare sector attributes to the requirement of the systematic utilization of the open networks and collaboration with outside service providers for accomplishing individualized healthcare requirements of people of various age groups and geographical confinements (The_Straits_Times, 2017). The configuration of strong internal networks by healthcare organizations is highly warranted in the context of safeguarding their confidential patient data and streamlining the process of revenue cycle management. Internal networks in any healthcare organization require configuration in a manner to enhance the wellness outcomes (The_Straits_Times, 2017). Healthcare networks also assist in the organization of health education sessions with the objective of improving the patient's compliance to the recommended treatment modalities. The management of chronic disease conditions requires the systematic development of electronic medical records for efficiently tracking and recording the confidential patient details as well as the healthcare outcomes (The_Straits_Times, 2017). The business model innovations in the healthcare system focus on the development of qualitative products and medical devices at reduced cost in the context o f facilitating their cost-effective and equitable dispensing among the masses irrespective of their socioeconomic statuses (Srinivasan, 2013). With the advent of technological innovation in the healthcare sector, nurses and paramedical professionals have gained expertise in terms of undertaking complex medical interventions that were previously performed by the certified providers. These innovations include the prescription management as well as a PICC line placement procedure administered in the hospital setting (Srinivasan, 2013). The research and development interventions in the healthcare sector proceed with the data analytics approaches with the objective of enhancing the healthcare outcomes at minimum cost (Raghupathi Raghupathi, 2014). The advanced data analytics strategies facilitate the effective capture, evaluation, management, distribution and storage of health information across the medical facilities. The algorithms and statistical tools developed by healthcare researc hers and scientists assist in enhancing the design and structure of clinical trials, patient recruitment approaches and the analysis modalities and mechanisms requiring implementation at the clinical research sites (Raghupathi Raghupathi, 2014). The big data tools utilized in analysing the healthcare research data include the Hadoop Distributed File System, Hive, Jaql, Zookeeper, Lucene and Avro. Singapore healthcare system evidentially plays a significant role in the promotion of the latest medical advances and innovations for the systematic reduction in the disease outcomes (How Fock, 2014). Singapore government undertook several measures with the objective of developing the specialized medical interventions and training sessions for postgraduate medical students in the context of facilitating the systematic enhancement of its healthcare system. The establishment of coordinated systems between the physicians and nurses, by the Singapore government assisted in integrating the healthcare systems across the primary and secondary medical facilities (How Fock, 2014). The Singapore healthcare system assists in improving the healthcare innovations with the objective of enhancing patient satisfaction rates as well as community health outcomes. The healthcare system in Singapore is based on private and public sectors that offer healthcare affordability while extending the healthca re plans attributing to Medisave , Medishield Lifeand Medifund (Picco, et al., 2016). These healthcare plans assist in reducing the social and economic burden of the elderly patients who require health insurance assistance for receiving the treatment of their chronic as well as traumatic disease conditions. General Factors in Industry Sector Innovation The NSI (National Systems of Innovation) in Singapore is a developmental tool utilized by the Singapore government with the objective of fostering the healthcare innovation in the medical facilities (NRCC, 2012). Singapore governmental agencies facilitate the regional socioeconomic development as well as technology commercialization for providing healthcare advantage to the patient population. The systematic commercialization of healthcare technology assists in effectively managing the patient care costs and improvement in the quality of medical interventions in the clinical settings (NRCC, 2012). The Singapore government undertakes several healthcare measures including the revival of healthcare policies, medication interventions, healthcare promotion and planning programmes, communicable diseases prevention interventions, nutritional approaches and epidemiologic investigations warranted for the systematic improvement in patient care outcomes (Jahncke , et al., 2010). Governmental ag encies in Singapore support and facilitate the organization of health education programmes in coordination with the private foundations like Temasek and Shaw for enhancing the quality of healthcare innovations and associated wellness outcomes (Jahncke, et al., 2010). Healthcare open innovations adopted by the Singapore healthcare sector focus on preventing the progression and establishment of various communicable as well as non-communicable diseases across the community environment (Lim, et al., 2014). The Centre for Healthcare Innovation in Singapore undertakes the responsibility of organizing health exhibitions, conferences, incentive-based sessions as well as simulation labs with the objective of motivating the healthcare personnel for continuing the process of medical research and development (Grosse, 2017). Ideas for various healthcare innovations emanate after undertaking the systematic analysis of established disease patterns across the Singapore population. For example, the prevalence of pandemic outbreaks in Singapore motivates the healthcare professionals in terms of initiating research and development interventions warranted for configuring integrated surveillance systems required for challenging the establishment of infectious disease s (Lwin, et al., 2017). The MediShield insurance in Singapore provides healthcare coverage to more than 93% of its population (Minh, et al., 2015). This insurance plan majorly assists the patients affected with various catastrophic conditions and associated health adversities. MediShield plan minimizes the scope of cash payment by the treated patients and offers maximum protection for the elderly individuals as well as permanent citizens (MOH, 2014). The CPF (Central Provident Fund) Board administers this healthcare plan and assists in hassle free administration of the treatment interventions including chemotherapy and dialysis. Residents in Singapore remain entitled for attaining healthcare benefits across the public hospitals as well as the selected wards in private medical facilities (MOH, 2014). Consistent healthcare assistance for the patients helps in improving their quality of life and reducing their length of stay in the clinical settings. The absence of patient empowerment in Singapores healthcare system proves to be the greatest barrier to the healthcare industry innovation (Gee, 2012). With the advent of technological innovation and multiple stakeholders in Singapores healthcare sector, medical professionals require developing holistic, person-centred and community based approaches for improving the level of participation of patients in the process of their medical decision-making (Gee, 2012). Another barrier to healthcare innovation includes the medication errors that significantly influence the quality of patient care in the medical facilities. Therefore, nurse professionals require improving the level of their coordination with the physicians and other members of the healthcare teams in the context of reducing the scope of any misinterpretation of the providers prescription and the occurrence of associated patient adversities (Bunting, 2012). Innovation Activity in the Healthcare Sector (Key Players in the National System of Innovation) The key players in Singapores national system of innovation include the multinational companies that effectively collaborate with the governmental agencies for the systematic enhancement of the public healthcare outcomes (Lethbridge, 2011). Various financial organizations as well as property dealing companies in Singapore have shown tremendous inclination towards undertaking financial investments in the national system of healthcare innovation. The association of these multinational companies with Singapores healthcare system is based on their long-term collaboration with the public healthcare systems. The companies including Capio, ISS healthcare, Fresenius, Parkway Holdings and BUPA prove to be the major stakeholders in Singapores healthcare system because of their strong association with the public sector. Additionally, various pharmaceutical companies as well as laboratory settings cater the requirement of medicines, medical equipment and diagnostic interventions and therefore pr ove to be the key players in Singapores healthcare system. Some of the key stakeholders in Singapores healthcare system advocate the requirement of undertaking preventive interventions for reducing the onset and establishment of age-related cognitive decline among the elderly individuals (Setia, et al., 2011). However the stakeholders require collaborating with the clinical settings in the context of partnering with the families of demented patients with the objective of improving their healthcare outcomes. The stakeholders, caregivers, administrators, community workers, researchers, policy-makers and physicians continue to emphasize on the societal implications of various mental disorders among the elderly individuals requiring evidence-based mitigation for reducing the burden of psychosocial complications and associated clinical manifestations in the elderly population (Setia, et al., 2011). Barriers and Key Issues related to the Healthcare Sector Innovation The greatest barrier to healthcare innovation in Singapore attributes to the level of disparities experienced by the migrant population in the healthcare settings (Ang, et al., 2017). Migrant workers experience psychosocial adversities that potentially restrain them in obtaining medical assistance. The financial constraints experienced by the migrants also restrict them in accessing the healthcare facilities for obtaining the healthcare benefits (Ang, et al., 2017). Furthermore, the absence of healthcare knowledge and awareness regarding funding conventions as well as public healthcare policies also leads to the inaccessibility of patients to the desirable healthcare units. Healthcare industry players rarely emphasize the requirement of configuring systematic decision-making systems and the accomplishment of the treatment challenges and individualized healthcare requirements of the patient population (Griva, et al., 2013). This resultantly impacts the quality of patient-care outcomes across the healthcare settings. The lack of appropriate governmental funding in the configuration of customized healthcare approaches for the elderly patients leads to the deterioration of their quality of life and wellness outcomes across the community environment. The absence of community-based, holistic and person-centred healthcare approaches in Singapores healthcare system leads to the substantial reduction in patient satisfaction rates. Eventually, this reduces the level of trust and confidence of the treated patients on the recommended treatment interventions. The development of a systematic patient-centred healthcare process is highly warranted with the objective of effectively overcoming these healthcare barriers and associated challenges in the medical facilities. Conclusion The prospective innovations requiring implementation in the Singapores medical and healthcare sector include the skills enhancement of the medical professionals for reducing the scope of treatment errors and associated fatalities. The Singapore government requires developing prospective strategic plans for strengthening its healthcare economy in the shortest possible timeframe. Educational enhancement of registered nurses as well as physicians is highly warranted with the objective of catering to the healthcare requirements of the elderly population. Medical teams require developing their skills and collaboration in the context of minimizing the progression and establishment of chronic disease conditions across the community environment. The shortage of human resources in the healthcare sector needs due consideration by the healthcare agencies for effectively streamlining the medical management of various debilitating disease conditions. Research analysis of the pattern of infectious and communicable diseases is necessarily warranted by the medical professionals with the objective of reducing the establishment of pandemic outbreaks. Singapores healthcare system requires establishing healthcare norms and conventions for increasing the accountability of medical professionals in terms of minimizing health adversities and maximizing the wellness outcomes across the population of interest. The development of the latest diagnostic tools and techniques (by the medical professionals) is required for enhancing the quality of primary healthcare interventions through the acquisition of appropriate diagnoses. The non-governmental organizations, financial companies, independent medical practitioners, schools, colleges, governmental institutes, hospitals, clinics and skilled nursing facilities require undertaking effective collaboration with the objective of improving the quality of healthcare approaches and minimizing the treatment challenges across the medical facilities. The development of prospective healthcare innovations requires additional funding by the government and private sectors while concomitantly reducing the scope of treatment bias and associated inadequacies. Singapores healthcare system needs to ascertain the equitable administration of medical interventions to the population of all age groups in accordance with their healthcare challenges as well as treatment requirements. References Ang, J. W. et al., 2017. Healthcare-seeking behaviour, barriers and mental health of non-domestic migrant workers in Singapore. BMJ Global Health, 2(2). Bunting, R. F., 2012. Healthcare innovation barriers: results of a survey of certified professional healthcare risk managers. Journal of Healthcare Risk Management, 31(4), pp. 3-16. Frost, 2017. Transformational Health. [Online] Available at: https://ww2.frost.com/research/industry/transformational-health/ [Accessed 30 08 2017]. Gee, T., 2012. Personal Health Management (PHM): Singapores national strategy to activate and empower patients and care givers through innovative personal health technologies. International Journal of Integrated Care, 12(1). Griva, K. et al., 2013. Perspectives of Patients, Families, and Health Care Professionals on Decision-Making About Dialysis ModalityThe Good, the Bad, and the Misunderstandings!. Peritoneal Dialysis, 33(3), pp. 280-289. Grosse, S., 2017. 21 local, international partners to drive innovation in Singapore's healthcare sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/businessman-salleh-marican-wants-to-donate-salary-to-charity-if-9171714 [Accessed 31 08 2017]. How, C. H. Fock, K. M., 2014. Healthcare in Singapore: the present and future. Singapore Medical Journal, 55(3), pp. 126-127. Jahncke , E. et al., 2010. Global health: challenges and opportunities for Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal, 51(7), pp. 536-541. Lethbridge, J., 2011. Understanding multinational companies in public health systems, using a competitive advantage framework. Globalization and Health. Lim, J., Chan, M. M. H., Alsagoff, F. Z. Ha, D., 2014. Innovations in non-communicable diseases management in ASEAN: a case series. Global Health Action. Lwin, M. O. et al., 2017. FluMob: Enabling Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections in Health-care Workers via Mobile Phones. Frontiers in Public Health. Minh, H. V. et al., 2015. Progress toward universal health coverage in ASEAN - Special Issue: ASEAN Integration and its Health Implications. Global Health Action. MOH, 2014. MediShield Life. [Online] Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/costs_and_financing/schemes_subsidies/Medishield.html [Accessed 31 08 2017]. NRCC, 2012. Overview: The New Federal Role in Innovation Clusters. In: Clustering for 21st Century Prosperity: Summary of a Symposium. USA: NAP. Picco, L. et al., 2016. Economic burden of multimorbidity among older adults: impact on healthcare and societal costs. BMC Health Services Research. Raghupathi, W. Raghupathi, V., 2014. Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. Health Information Science and Systems, 2(3). Setia, M., Islam, A. M., Thompson, J. P. Matchar, D. B., 2011. Stakeholders' perspective on issues and challenges associated with care and treatment of aging-related cognitive impairment disorders in Singapore. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(9), pp. 1421-1432. Srinivasan, M., 2013. Disruptive and Deliberate Innovations in Healthcare. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(9), pp. 1117-1118. The_Straits_Times, 2015. S'pore has major role in advancing medical research. [Online] Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/spore-has-major-role-in-advancing-medical-research [Accessed 30 08 2017]. The_Straits_Times, 2017. Collaboration drives innovation in healthcare. [Online] Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/collaboration-drives-innovation-in-healthcare [Accessed 08 30 2017].